Resources & Research Guides

BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide that has been investigated in more than 100 preclinical models spanning tendon, muscle, bone, and gastrointestinal tissue. This review summarises the key mechanistic hypotheses and animal model findings published across three decades of research.

GHK-Cu (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine copper) was first characterised by Loren Pickart in the 1970s and has since been shown in preclinical research to influence the expression of more than 4,000 human genes. This review covers the compound's proposed mechanisms, tissue modelling studies, and the current state of the research literature.

Retatrutide is a triple agonist of GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors that demonstrated substantial weight reduction in a Phase 2 NEJM-published trial. This review examines its receptor pharmacology, the published clinical data, and what the findings mean for ongoing metabolic research.

CJC-1295 is a GHRH analogue that extends growth hormone-releasing hormone signalling, while ipamorelin is a selective GHRP that acts on ghrelin receptors — the two compounds act via complementary mechanisms on the GH axis. This review covers the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of each compound and the rationale behind their combined use in research protocols.

A Certificate of Analysis documents the analytical testing performed on a specific batch of compound, including HPLC purity, mass spectrometry identity confirmation, and endotoxin testing. This guide explains each section of a COA, what values to look for, and how to interpret results when evaluating research-grade peptides.

Correct reconstitution technique using bacteriostatic water (BAC water) is critical for maintaining peptide integrity and preventing contamination of the stock solution. This step-by-step protocol covers sterile preparation, correct injection angle into lyophilised vials, concentration calculations, and aliquoting for long-term storage.

Lyophilised peptides are significantly more stable than reconstituted solutions, but both forms require careful temperature management to prevent degradation. This guide covers recommended storage conditions for lyophilised and reconstituted peptides, freeze-thaw cycle management, and signs of compound degradation to look for before use.